{ "table": "debt-to-income-calculator-rules", "schema": 1, "version": "2026-11-11.1", "title": "Debt-to-income limits: France and United Kingdom", "doc": "Rule table read by the debt-to-income-calculator handlers (ctx.data['debt-to-income-calculator-rules']). Rates and shares are percentage points (35 means 35 %). The ratio itself is pure arithmetic (monthly loan payments ÷ monthly income); this table holds only the official limits a ratio is compared with. France: the binding lending standard of the Haut Conseil de stabilité financière (decision D-HCSF-2021-7, in force since 1 January 2022, amended by D-HCSF-2023-02 from 1 July 2023 and by the decision of 18 December 2023 from 1 January 2024): for new home loans, all loan payments of the borrower, the new loan and borrower insurance included, may not exceed 35 % of net income before income tax; lenders may depart from it for up to 20 % of their new home lending each quarter. It applies to home loans; French law sets no figure for consumer credit, where the lender must check solvency instead. United Kingdom: no rule sets a maximum debt-to-income ratio for a borrower; lenders assess affordability under the FCA's responsible-lending rules (MCOB), and the Financial Policy Committee's loan-to-income flow limit keeps new mortgages at 4.5 times income or more to 15 % of the market. Table-level valid_from/valid_until bound the period during which this version may be relied on: the HCSF reviews its measures every quarter (its December decision of 2023 took effect on 1 January), so the table must be reviewed before 1 January 2027. Entry-level valid_from/valid_until bound each value; a null valid_until means in force until changed. source_url is the primary source, source_date that source's own date, retrieved the date the value was read there.", "reviewed_on": "2026-11-11", "reviewed_by": "apps-calculators agent (automated research against official sources, 2026-11-11); owner review pending", "valid_from": "2026-11-11", "valid_until": "2026-12-31", "locale_country": { "fr-FR": "FR", "en-GB": "GB" }, "countries": { "FR": { "name": { "fr-FR": "France", "en-GB": "France" }, "currency": "EUR", "income_basis": { "fr-FR": "revenus nets avant impôt sur le revenu, de l’emprunteur ou du foyer", "en-GB": "net income before income tax, of the borrower or the household" }, "limits": [ { "id": "fr-hcsf", "rate": 35, "name": { "fr-FR": "Plafond HCSF", "en-GB": "HCSF limit" }, "applies_to": { "fr-FR": "Nouveaux crédits immobiliers des particuliers : toutes les mensualités de crédit, nouveau prêt et assurance emprunteur compris, rapportées aux revenus nets avant impôt", "en-GB": "New home loans to individuals: every loan payment, the new loan and borrower insurance included, over net income before income tax" }, "rule": "The taux d'effort of home-loan borrowers may not exceed the rate (art. 1). Numerator: the annual loan charges of the borrower's total debt, the loan applied for and every loan in progress included; denominator: annual net income before income tax (art. 4). Bridging loans of at most 80 % of the value of the home being sold, net of the capital still owed on it, are left out of the ratio (art. 4 bis, since 1 January 2024). Lenders may depart from the criteria for up to flexibility_share of their new home lending each quarter, at least flexibility_main_home_share of that allowance going to buyers of their main home (art. 2, as amended by D-HCSF-2023-02 from 1 July 2023).", "legal_basis": "Décision n° D-HCSF-2021-7 du 29 septembre 2021 relative aux conditions d’octroi de crédits immobiliers, modifiée par la décision n° D-HCSF-2023-02 et par la décision du 18 décembre 2023", "flexibility_share": 20, "flexibility_main_home_share": 70, "valid_from": "2022-01-01", "valid_until": null, "source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000044178669", "source_date": "2021-09-29", "retrieved": "2026-11-11", "see_also": [ { "label": "Légifrance: décision du 18 décembre 2023 (art. 4 bis, bridging loans up to 80 % of the home being sold, net of what is still owed on it, left out of the ratio; in force 1 January 2024)", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000048659704", "date": "2023-12-18" }, { "label": "ACPR, Analyses et synthèses n° 183, Le financement de l’habitat en 2025: the binding HCSF standard (35 %, 25 years, 20 % flexibility, 70 % of it for main homes since 1 July 2023) is in force; definition of the taux d’effort", "url": "https://acpr.banque-france.fr/system/files/2026-07/202607_AS183_Financement_habitat_2025.pdf", "date": "2026-07-15" }, { "label": "Service-Public.gouv.fr, Je veux obtenir un crédit immobilier: the bank checks that the taux d’endettement (all loan payments and their insurance) is not above 35 %", "url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16123", "date": "2024-04-05" } ] } ] }, "GB": { "name": { "fr-FR": "Royaume-Uni", "en-GB": "United Kingdom" }, "currency": "GBP", "income_basis": { "fr-FR": "revenus bruts avant impôt, de l’emprunteur ou des co-emprunteurs", "en-GB": "gross income before tax, of the borrower or joint borrowers" }, "limits": [], "no_limit": { "id": "gb-no-dti-limit", "rule": "No UK rule sets a maximum debt-to-income ratio for a borrower. Since 1 August 2022 the FPC's affordability test is withdrawn; the FCA's MCOB responsible-lending rules require lenders to show that a mortgage is affordable, taking into account the borrower's income and at least their committed expenditure and basic household expenditure. Each lender sets its own criteria.", "valid_from": "2022-08-01", "valid_until": null, "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/paper/2022/an-fpc-response-consultation-on-withdrawal-of-the-affordability-test-recommendation", "source_date": "2022-06-20", "retrieved": "2026-11-11" }, "lti": { "id": "gb-fpc-lti-flow-limit", "rule": "Lending at a loan-to-income ratio at or above the threshold (the loan over the individual's income, or joint income for joint borrowers) is high loan-to-income lending. The FPC's flow limit keeps it to flow_limit_share of new residential mortgages. Since 28 October 2026 the limit applies to the market as a whole: the firm-specific 15 % cap is removed, so one lender may go above it while the market stays within it.", "legal_basis": "FPC Recommendation on loan-to-income ratios in mortgage lending; PRA PS19/26 and FCA guidance, commencing 28 October 2026", "threshold": 4.5, "flow_limit_share": 15, "valid_from": "2026-10-28", "valid_until": null, "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/publication/2026/october/high-loan-to-income-lending-policy-statement", "source_date": "2026-10-14", "retrieved": "2026-11-11" } } }, "sources": [ { "label": "Légifrance: décision n° D-HCSF-2021-7 du 29 septembre 2021 relative aux conditions d’octroi de crédits immobiliers", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000044178669", "date": "2021-09-29" }, { "label": "Légifrance: décision du 18 décembre 2023 relative aux conditions d’octroi de crédits immobiliers", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000048659704", "date": "2023-12-18" }, { "label": "ACPR: Analyses et synthèses n° 183, Le financement de l’habitat en 2025", "url": "https://acpr.banque-france.fr/system/files/2026-07/202607_AS183_Financement_habitat_2025.pdf", "date": "2026-07-15" }, { "label": "Bank of England: PS19/26, High loan to income lending", "url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/publication/2026/october/high-loan-to-income-lending-policy-statement", "date": "2026-10-14" }, { "label": "Bank of England: an FPC response, consultation on withdrawal of the affordability test Recommendation", "url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/paper/2022/an-fpc-response-consultation-on-withdrawal-of-the-affordability-test-recommendation", "date": "2022-06-20" } ] }