{
  "table": "late-payment-rates",
  "schema": 1,
  "version": "2026-11-11.1",
  "title": "Late-payment reference rates: France (B2B penalties) and United Kingdom (statutory interest)",
  "doc": "Rule table read by the late-payment-interest handlers (ctx.data['late-payment-rates']). Rates are percentage points. Table-level valid_from/valid_until bound the period during which this version may be relied on: the next half-year's reference rates (FR: ECB rate in force on 1 January 2027; GB: Bank Rate in force on 31 December 2026) are not known before then, so the table must be updated before valid_until passes (both central banks decide again on 17 December 2026, and the French legal interest rate for the first half of 2027 is set by an arrêté in December). coverage bounds the dates the handlers accept; one half-year beyond the last row is computed as provisional with the current reference rate. half_years rows are derived from reference_rate_history and checked against it by the tests. source_url/source_date document each row: the reference rate page (consulted on source_date) and, for France, the arrêté that set the legal interest rate.",
  "reviewed_on": "2026-11-11",
  "reviewed_by": "apps-calculators agent (automated research against official sources); every value re-opened at its source by the calculators verifier on 2026-11-04 (docs/review/calculators.md); every rate, date and fixed sum re-checked at its official source on 2026-11-11 by the late-payment page agent, which found one stale value: Bank Rate rose from 3.75% to 4% on 5 November 2026 (GB current_reference and reference_rate_history updated; no half-year row changes); owner review pending",
  "valid_from": "2026-11-11",
  "valid_until": "2026-12-31",
  "coverage": {
    "from": "2019-01-01",
    "to": "2026-12-31",
    "provisional_until": "2027-06-30"
  },
  "day_count": {
    "convention": "ACT/365",
    "rule": "simple interest: amount × annual rate × days late ÷ 365; 365 also in leap years",
    "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
    "source_date": "2026-07-01",
    "see_also": [
      "https://bpifrance-creation.fr/boiteaoutils/taux-penalites-retard",
      "https://www.gov.uk/late-commercial-payments-interest-debt-recovery"
    ]
  },
  "jurisdictions": {
    "FR": {
      "name": {
        "fr-FR": "France",
        "en-GB": "France"
      },
      "currency": "EUR",
      "scope": {
        "fr-FR": "Retards de paiement entre professionnels (code de commerce, art. L441-10). Ne couvre ni les ventes aux particuliers ni la commande publique.",
        "en-GB": "Late payment between businesses (French commercial code, art. L441-10). Excludes consumer sales and public procurement."
      },
      "statutory": {
        "base": "ECB main refinancing operations rate",
        "margin_points": 10,
        "reference_rule": "rate in force on 1 January for the first half-year, on 1 July for the second half-year",
        "split": "by-half-year",
        "starts": "the day after the payment date shown on the invoice",
        "legal_basis": "Code de commerce, art. L441-10 II",
        "source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000038414392",
        "source_date": "2019-04-26",
        "valid_from": "2019-04-26",
        "valid_until": null,
        "legal_text": "« Sauf disposition contraire qui ne peut toutefois fixer un taux inférieur à trois fois le taux d’intérêt légal, ce taux est égal au taux d’intérêt appliqué par la Banque centrale européenne à son opération de refinancement la plus récente majoré de 10 points de pourcentage. Dans ce cas, le taux applicable pendant le premier semestre de l’année concernée est le taux en vigueur au 1er janvier de l’année en question. Pour le second semestre de l’année concernée, il est le taux en vigueur au 1er juillet de l’année en question. »"
      },
      "contract_floor": {
        "multiple": 3,
        "of": "legal interest rate for creditors other than consumers (« autres cas »)",
        "applies_to": "a rate fixed by the contract or the general terms of sale",
        "legal_basis": "Code de commerce, art. L441-10 II",
        "source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000038414392",
        "source_date": "2019-04-26",
        "valid_from": "2019-04-26",
        "valid_until": null
      },
      "compensation": {
        "type": "flat",
        "amount": 40,
        "per": "invoice paid late",
        "legal_basis": "Code de commerce, art. L441-10 II and D441-5",
        "source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000043197457",
        "source_date": "2021-02-27",
        "valid_from": "2021-02-27",
        "valid_until": null,
        "not_due_when": "opening of a procédure de sauvegarde, de redressement or de liquidation judiciaire forbids paying the debt when due (art. L441-10 II, last sentence)",
        "vat": "not subject to VAT (Entreprendre.Service-Public F23211)",
        "see_also": [
          "https://entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr/vosdroits/F23211"
        ]
      },
      "reference_rate_history": {
        "name": "ECB main refinancing operations, fixed rate, with effect from",
        "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
        "source_date": "2026-11-11",
        "entries": [
          {
            "from": "2016-03-16",
            "rate": 0.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-07-27",
            "rate": 0.5
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-09-14",
            "rate": 1.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-11-02",
            "rate": 2.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-12-21",
            "rate": 2.5
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-02-08",
            "rate": 3.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-03-22",
            "rate": 3.5
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-05-10",
            "rate": 3.75
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-06-21",
            "rate": 4.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-08-02",
            "rate": 4.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-09-20",
            "rate": 4.5
          },
          {
            "from": "2024-06-12",
            "rate": 4.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2024-09-18",
            "rate": 3.65
          },
          {
            "from": "2024-10-23",
            "rate": 3.4
          },
          {
            "from": "2024-12-18",
            "rate": 3.15
          },
          {
            "from": "2025-02-05",
            "rate": 2.9
          },
          {
            "from": "2025-03-12",
            "rate": 2.65
          },
          {
            "from": "2025-04-23",
            "rate": 2.4
          },
          {
            "from": "2025-06-11",
            "rate": 2.15
          },
          {
            "from": "2026-06-17",
            "rate": 2.4
          },
          {
            "from": "2026-09-16",
            "rate": 2.65
          }
        ]
      },
      "current_reference": {
        "rate": 2.65,
        "since": "2026-09-16",
        "checked_on": "2026-11-11",
        "note": "unchanged at the Governing Council meeting of 29 October 2026; next monetary policy meeting 16-17 December 2026, before the 1 January 2027 reference date",
        "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2026/html/ecb.mp261029~9a493adf17.en.html",
        "source_date": "2026-10-29",
        "next_decision": "2026-12-17",
        "next_decision_source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/calendars/mgcgc/html/index.en.html"
      },
      "half_years": [
        {
          "period": "2019-H1",
          "start": "2019-01-01",
          "end": "2019-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2019-01-01",
          "reference_rate": 0.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2016-03-16",
          "statutory_rate": 10.0,
          "legal_rate": 0.86,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 3.4,
          "contract_floor": 2.58,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2026-07-01",
          "legal_rate_source": "service-public.gouv.fr F783 (tableau des taux)"
        },
        {
          "period": "2019-H2",
          "start": "2019-07-01",
          "end": "2019-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2019-07-01",
          "reference_rate": 0.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2016-03-16",
          "statutory_rate": 10.0,
          "legal_rate": 0.87,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 3.26,
          "contract_floor": 2.61,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2026-07-01",
          "legal_rate_source": "service-public.gouv.fr F783 (tableau des taux)"
        },
        {
          "period": "2020-H1",
          "start": "2020-01-01",
          "end": "2020-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2020-01-01",
          "reference_rate": 0.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2016-03-16",
          "statutory_rate": 10.0,
          "legal_rate": 0.87,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 3.15,
          "contract_floor": 2.61,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2026-07-01",
          "legal_rate_source": "service-public.gouv.fr F783 (tableau des taux)"
        },
        {
          "period": "2020-H2",
          "start": "2020-07-01",
          "end": "2020-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2020-07-01",
          "reference_rate": 0.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2016-03-16",
          "statutory_rate": 10.0,
          "legal_rate": 0.84,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 3.11,
          "contract_floor": 2.52,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2026-07-01",
          "legal_rate_source": "service-public.gouv.fr F783 (tableau des taux)"
        },
        {
          "period": "2021-H1",
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "end": "2021-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2021-01-01",
          "reference_rate": 0.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2016-03-16",
          "statutory_rate": 10.0,
          "legal_rate": 0.79,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 3.14,
          "contract_floor": 2.37,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2026-07-01",
          "legal_rate_source": "service-public.gouv.fr F783 (tableau des taux)"
        },
        {
          "period": "2021-H2",
          "start": "2021-07-01",
          "end": "2021-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2021-07-01",
          "reference_rate": 0.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2016-03-16",
          "statutory_rate": 10.0,
          "legal_rate": 0.76,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 3.12,
          "contract_floor": 2.28,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2026-07-01",
          "legal_rate_source": "service-public.gouv.fr F783 (tableau des taux)"
        },
        {
          "period": "2022-H1",
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "end": "2022-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2022-01-01",
          "reference_rate": 0.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2016-03-16",
          "statutory_rate": 10.0,
          "legal_rate": 0.76,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 3.13,
          "contract_floor": 2.28,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2026-07-01",
          "legal_rate_source": "service-public.gouv.fr F783 (tableau des taux)"
        },
        {
          "period": "2022-H2",
          "start": "2022-07-01",
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2022-07-01",
          "reference_rate": 0.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2016-03-16",
          "statutory_rate": 10.0,
          "legal_rate": 0.77,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 3.15,
          "contract_floor": 2.31,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2026-07-01",
          "legal_rate_source": "service-public.gouv.fr F783 (tableau des taux)"
        },
        {
          "period": "2023-H1",
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2023-01-01",
          "reference_rate": 2.5,
          "reference_rate_since": "2022-12-21",
          "statutory_rate": 12.5,
          "legal_rate": 2.06,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 4.47,
          "contract_floor": 6.18,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000046829005",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2022-12-26",
          "legal_rate_source": "Arrêté du 26 décembre 2022"
        },
        {
          "period": "2023-H2",
          "start": "2023-07-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2023-07-01",
          "reference_rate": 4.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2023-06-21",
          "statutory_rate": 14.0,
          "legal_rate": 4.22,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 6.82,
          "contract_floor": 12.66,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000047752803",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2023-06-27",
          "legal_rate_source": "Arrêté du 27 juin 2023"
        },
        {
          "period": "2024-H1",
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2024-01-01",
          "reference_rate": 4.5,
          "reference_rate_since": "2023-09-20",
          "statutory_rate": 14.5,
          "legal_rate": 5.07,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 8.01,
          "contract_floor": 15.21,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000048659680",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2023-12-21",
          "legal_rate_source": "Arrêté du 21 décembre 2023"
        },
        {
          "period": "2024-H2",
          "start": "2024-07-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2024-07-01",
          "reference_rate": 4.25,
          "reference_rate_since": "2024-06-12",
          "statutory_rate": 14.25,
          "legal_rate": 4.92,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 8.16,
          "contract_floor": 14.76,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000049797659",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2024-06-26",
          "legal_rate_source": "Arrêté du 26 juin 2024"
        },
        {
          "period": "2025-H1",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2025-01-01",
          "reference_rate": 3.15,
          "reference_rate_since": "2024-12-18",
          "statutory_rate": 13.15,
          "legal_rate": 3.71,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 7.21,
          "contract_floor": 11.13,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000050793726",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2024-12-17",
          "legal_rate_source": "Arrêté du 17 décembre 2024"
        },
        {
          "period": "2025-H2",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2025-07-01",
          "reference_rate": 2.15,
          "reference_rate_since": "2025-06-11",
          "statutory_rate": 12.15,
          "legal_rate": 2.76,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 6.65,
          "contract_floor": 8.28,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000051783186",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2025-06-19",
          "legal_rate_source": "Arrêté du 19 juin 2025"
        },
        {
          "period": "2026-H1",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2026-01-01",
          "reference_rate": 2.15,
          "reference_rate_since": "2025-06-11",
          "statutory_rate": 12.15,
          "legal_rate": 2.62,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 6.67,
          "contract_floor": 7.86,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000053165408",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2025-12-15",
          "legal_rate_source": "Arrêté du 15 décembre 2025"
        },
        {
          "period": "2026-H2",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "end": "2026-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2026-07-01",
          "reference_rate": 2.4,
          "reference_rate_since": "2026-06-17",
          "statutory_rate": 12.4,
          "legal_rate": 2.75,
          "legal_rate_consumer": 6.84,
          "contract_floor": 8.25,
          "source_url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04",
          "legal_rate_source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000054341315",
          "legal_rate_source_date": "2026-06-26",
          "legal_rate_source": "Arrêté du 26 juin 2026"
        }
      ]
    },
    "GB": {
      "name": {
        "fr-FR": "Royaume-Uni",
        "en-GB": "United Kingdom"
      },
      "currency": "GBP",
      "scope": {
        "fr-FR": "Contrats entre entreprises (et achats des autorités publiques) soumis au Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, dans tout le Royaume-Uni.",
        "en-GB": "Business-to-business contracts (including purchases by public authorities) under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, across the UK."
      },
      "statutory": {
        "base": "Bank of England Bank Rate (official dealing rate)",
        "margin_points": 8,
        "reference_rule": "rate in force on 31 December (interest starting to run 1 January to 30 June) or 30 June (starting 1 July to 31 December) immediately before the day statutory interest starts to run",
        "split": "none: the rate fixed when interest starts to run applies until payment",
        "starts": "the day after the relevant day (the agreed payment date, or the end of the 30-day period when none was agreed)",
        "legal_basis": "Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, s. 4 and s. 6; SI 2002/1675 art. 4; SSI 2002/336 art. 4",
        "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1675/made",
        "source_date": "2002-06-22",
        "valid_from": "2002-08-07",
        "valid_until": null,
        "legal_text": "SI 2002/1675 art. 4: « 8 per cent per annum over the official dealing rate in force on the 30th June (in the case of interest starting to run between 1st July and 31st December) or the 31st December (in the case of interest starting to run between 1st January and 30th June) immediately before the day on which statutory interest starts to run »; Act s. 4(2): interest starts to run on the day after the relevant day, at the rate prevailing at the end of the relevant day."
      },
      "compensation": {
        "type": "banded",
        "per": "debt (once per late payment)",
        "bands": [
          {
            "from": 0,
            "below": 1000,
            "amount": 40
          },
          {
            "from": 1000,
            "below": 10000,
            "amount": 70
          },
          {
            "from": 10000,
            "below": null,
            "amount": 100
          }
        ],
        "legal_basis": "Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, s. 5A",
        "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/20/section/5A",
        "source_date": "2013-03-29",
        "valid_from": "2002-08-07",
        "valid_until": null,
        "note": "s. 5A inserted on 7 August 2002 (SI 2002/1674; SSI 2002/335 in Scotland); bands unchanged since. Subsection (2A), reasonable recovery costs above the fixed sum, added on 16 March 2013 (29 March 2013 in Scotland). source_date is the date of the current text."
      },
      "reference_rate_history": {
        "name": "Bank of England Bank Rate, date changed",
        "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
        "source_date": "2026-11-11",
        "entries": [
          {
            "from": "2018-08-02",
            "rate": 0.75
          },
          {
            "from": "2020-03-11",
            "rate": 0.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2020-03-19",
            "rate": 0.1
          },
          {
            "from": "2021-12-16",
            "rate": 0.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-02-03",
            "rate": 0.5
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-03-17",
            "rate": 0.75
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-05-05",
            "rate": 1.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-06-16",
            "rate": 1.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-08-04",
            "rate": 1.75
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-09-22",
            "rate": 2.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-11-03",
            "rate": 3.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2022-12-15",
            "rate": 3.5
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-02-02",
            "rate": 4.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-03-23",
            "rate": 4.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-05-11",
            "rate": 4.5
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-06-22",
            "rate": 5.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2023-08-03",
            "rate": 5.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2024-08-01",
            "rate": 5.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2024-11-07",
            "rate": 4.75
          },
          {
            "from": "2025-02-06",
            "rate": 4.5
          },
          {
            "from": "2025-05-08",
            "rate": 4.25
          },
          {
            "from": "2025-08-07",
            "rate": 4.0
          },
          {
            "from": "2025-12-18",
            "rate": 3.75
          },
          {
            "from": "2026-11-05",
            "rate": 4.0
          }
        ]
      },
      "current_reference": {
        "rate": 4.0,
        "since": "2026-11-05",
        "checked_on": "2026-11-11",
        "note": "raised from 3.75% to 4% by the MPC (meeting ending 4 November 2026, vote 8–1; Bank Rate history: changed 5 November 2026). It does not change the 2026-H2 row: interest that started to run between 1 July and 31 December 2026 keeps the rate in force on 30 June 2026 (3.75% + 8%). Interest starting 1 January to 30 June 2027 takes the rate in force on 31 December 2026, after the next decision on 17 December 2026; until then it is computed as provisional at 4% + 8%",
        "previous": {
          "rate": 3.75,
          "since": "2025-12-18",
          "until": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
        "source_date": "2026-11-11",
        "next_decision": "2026-12-17",
        "next_decision_source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2024/december/mpc-dates-for-2026",
        "see_also": [
          "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy-summary-and-minutes/2026/november-2026"
        ]
      },
      "half_years": [
        {
          "period": "2019-H1",
          "start": "2019-01-01",
          "end": "2019-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2018-12-31",
          "reference_rate": 0.75,
          "reference_rate_since": "2018-08-02",
          "statutory_rate": 8.75,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2019-H2",
          "start": "2019-07-01",
          "end": "2019-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2019-06-30",
          "reference_rate": 0.75,
          "reference_rate_since": "2018-08-02",
          "statutory_rate": 8.75,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2020-H1",
          "start": "2020-01-01",
          "end": "2020-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2019-12-31",
          "reference_rate": 0.75,
          "reference_rate_since": "2018-08-02",
          "statutory_rate": 8.75,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2020-H2",
          "start": "2020-07-01",
          "end": "2020-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2020-06-30",
          "reference_rate": 0.1,
          "reference_rate_since": "2020-03-19",
          "statutory_rate": 8.1,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2021-H1",
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "end": "2021-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2020-12-31",
          "reference_rate": 0.1,
          "reference_rate_since": "2020-03-19",
          "statutory_rate": 8.1,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2021-H2",
          "start": "2021-07-01",
          "end": "2021-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2021-06-30",
          "reference_rate": 0.1,
          "reference_rate_since": "2020-03-19",
          "statutory_rate": 8.1,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2022-H1",
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "end": "2022-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2021-12-31",
          "reference_rate": 0.25,
          "reference_rate_since": "2021-12-16",
          "statutory_rate": 8.25,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2022-H2",
          "start": "2022-07-01",
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2022-06-30",
          "reference_rate": 1.25,
          "reference_rate_since": "2022-06-16",
          "statutory_rate": 9.25,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2023-H1",
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2022-12-31",
          "reference_rate": 3.5,
          "reference_rate_since": "2022-12-15",
          "statutory_rate": 11.5,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2023-H2",
          "start": "2023-07-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2023-06-30",
          "reference_rate": 5.0,
          "reference_rate_since": "2023-06-22",
          "statutory_rate": 13.0,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2024-H1",
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2023-12-31",
          "reference_rate": 5.25,
          "reference_rate_since": "2023-08-03",
          "statutory_rate": 13.25,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2024-H2",
          "start": "2024-07-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2024-06-30",
          "reference_rate": 5.25,
          "reference_rate_since": "2023-08-03",
          "statutory_rate": 13.25,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2025-H1",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2024-12-31",
          "reference_rate": 4.75,
          "reference_rate_since": "2024-11-07",
          "statutory_rate": 12.75,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2025-H2",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2025-06-30",
          "reference_rate": 4.25,
          "reference_rate_since": "2025-05-08",
          "statutory_rate": 12.25,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2026-H1",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "reference_date": "2025-12-31",
          "reference_rate": 3.75,
          "reference_rate_since": "2025-12-18",
          "statutory_rate": 11.75,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        },
        {
          "period": "2026-H2",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "end": "2026-12-31",
          "reference_date": "2026-06-30",
          "reference_rate": 3.75,
          "reference_rate_since": "2025-12-18",
          "statutory_rate": 11.75,
          "source_url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
          "source_date": "2026-11-04"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "c-com-l441-10",
      "label": "Légifrance: code de commerce, article L441-10 (version en vigueur depuis le 26 avril 2019)",
      "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000038414392",
      "date": "2019-04-26"
    },
    {
      "id": "c-com-d441-5",
      "label": "Légifrance: code de commerce, article D441-5 (indemnité forfaitaire de 40 €)",
      "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000043197457",
      "date": "2021-02-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "sp-f23211",
      "label": "Entreprendre.Service-Public.gouv.fr: Délais de paiement entre professionnels et pénalités de retard",
      "url": "https://entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr/vosdroits/F23211",
      "date": "2026-08-07"
    },
    {
      "id": "sp-f783",
      "label": "Service-Public.gouv.fr: Calcul de l'intérêt légal (taux par semestre, calcul sur 365 jours)",
      "url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F783",
      "date": "2026-07-01"
    },
    {
      "id": "bpi-penalites",
      "label": "Bpifrance Création: Taux des pénalités de retard (formule de calcul)",
      "url": "https://bpifrance-creation.fr/boiteaoutils/taux-penalites-retard",
      "date": "2026-11-04"
    },
    {
      "id": "ecb-key-rates",
      "label": "European Central Bank: Key ECB interest rates (main refinancing operations)",
      "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html",
      "date": "2026-11-11"
    },
    {
      "id": "ecb-mp-2026-10-29",
      "label": "European Central Bank: Monetary policy decisions, 29 October 2026",
      "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2026/html/ecb.mp261029~9a493adf17.en.html",
      "date": "2026-10-29"
    },
    {
      "id": "ecb-calendar",
      "label": "European Central Bank: meetings of the Governing Council (next monetary policy meeting 16-17 December 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/calendars/mgcgc/html/index.en.html",
      "date": "2026-11-04"
    },
    {
      "id": "lpcda-1998",
      "label": "legislation.gov.uk: Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/20",
      "date": "2026-11-04"
    },
    {
      "id": "lpcda-1998-s4",
      "label": "legislation.gov.uk: Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, section 4 (relevant day, rate fixed when interest starts to run)",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/20/section/4",
      "date": "2026-11-04"
    },
    {
      "id": "lpcda-1998-s5a",
      "label": "legislation.gov.uk: Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, section 5A",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/20/section/5A",
      "date": "2013-03-29"
    },
    {
      "id": "lpcda-1998-s8",
      "label": "legislation.gov.uk: Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, sections 8 and 9",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/20/section/8",
      "date": "2026-11-04"
    },
    {
      "id": "si-2002-1675",
      "label": "legislation.gov.uk: Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Rate of Interest) (No. 3) Order 2002",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/1675/made",
      "date": "2002-06-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "ssi-2002-336",
      "label": "legislation.gov.uk: Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Rate of Interest) (Scotland) Order 2002",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2002/336/made",
      "date": "2002-07-02"
    },
    {
      "id": "govuk-late-payments",
      "label": "GOV.UK: Late commercial payments: charging interest and debt recovery",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/late-commercial-payments-interest-debt-recovery",
      "date": "2016-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "boe-bank-rate",
      "label": "Bank of England: Official Bank Rate history",
      "url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/database/Bank-Rate.asp",
      "date": "2026-11-11"
    },
    {
      "id": "boe-mpc-2026-09",
      "label": "Bank of England: Bank Rate maintained at 3.75%, September 2026 Monetary Policy Summary",
      "url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy-summary-and-minutes/2026/september-2026",
      "date": "2026-09-17"
    },
    {
      "id": "boe-mpc-2026-11",
      "label": "Bank of England: Bank Rate increased to 4%, November 2026 Monetary Policy Summary",
      "url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy-summary-and-minutes/2026/november-2026",
      "date": "2026-11-05"
    },
    {
      "id": "boe-mpc-dates-2026",
      "label": "Bank of England: Monetary Policy Committee dates for 2026 (5 November and 17 December)",
      "url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2024/december/mpc-dates-for-2026",
      "date": "2024-12-19"
    },
    {
      "id": "uk-commercial-payments-bill",
      "label": "UK Parliament: Commercial Payments Bill [HL], session 2026-27 (in the Commons, second reading; not an Act on 2026-11-11)",
      "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/4128",
      "date": "2026-10-29"
    }
  ]
}