{
  "table": "rent-affordability-calculator-rules",
  "schema": 1,
  "version": "2026-11-11.1",
  "title": "Rent affordability rules and deposit caps: France and United Kingdom",
  "doc": "Rule table read by the rent-affordability-calculator handlers (ctx.data['rent-affordability-calculator-rules']). Two kinds of value. (1) Affordability rules, which are NOT laws in either country: basis \"multiple\" means income >= times × monthly rent (per \"month\": monthly income; per \"year\": annual income); basis \"share\" means monthly rent <= percent % of monthly income. France: the \"three times the rent\" requirement of private rent-default insurance (GLI) and of many landlords, as the CNCDH describes it, and the Visale guarantee's own rule (rent including charges at most half of resources) with its rent ceilings, revalued on 6 January 2026. United Kingdom: the letting agents' check (annual income of about 30 times the monthly rent) as Slough Borough Council describes it, and the ONS affordability threshold (rent at most 30 % of gross household income). (2) Legal deposit caps: France (loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989: one month of rent excluding charges unfurnished, two months furnished, none for a bail mobilité, when rent is paid monthly in advance); England (Tenant Fees Act 2019, Sch. 1: five weeks' rent below £50,000 of annual rent, six weeks at or above, one week's rent = annual rent ÷ 52; holding deposit one week; tenancies above £100,000 of annual rent are outside the Act); Wales (Renting Homes (Fees etc.) (Wales) Act 2019: no security deposit limit has been prescribed; holding deposit one week, worked out by the Welsh Government as monthly rent ÷ 4.35); Scotland (Rent (Scotland) Act 1984, s. 90(3): two months' rent); Northern Ireland (Private Tenancies (NI) Order 2006, art. 5ZC, since 1 April 2023: one month's rent). Table-level valid_from/valid_until bound the period during which this version may be relied on; Visale's ceilings were last revalued in January, so the table must be reviewed before 1 January 2027. Entry-level valid_from/valid_until bound each value (null valid_from: start date not needed or not verified for this table; null valid_until: in force until changed). source_url is the primary source, source_date that source's own date, retrieved the date the value was read there.",
  "reviewed_on": "2026-11-11",
  "reviewed_by": "apps-calculators agent (automated research against official sources, 2026-11-11); owner review pending",
  "valid_from": "2026-11-11",
  "valid_until": "2026-12-31",
  "locale_country": {
    "fr-FR": "FR",
    "en-GB": "GB"
  },
  "countries": {
    "FR": {
      "name": {
        "fr-FR": "France",
        "en-GB": "France"
      },
      "currency": "EUR",
      "scope": {
        "fr-FR": "Location d’un logement vide ou meublé à titre de résidence principale (loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989), loyer payé chaque mois d’avance.",
        "en-GB": "Letting of an unfurnished or furnished main home (loi n° 89-462 of 6 July 1989), rent paid monthly in advance."
      },
      "rules": [
        {
          "id": "fr-trois-fois",
          "basis": "multiple",
          "times": 3,
          "per": "month",
          "name": {
            "fr-FR": "Revenus d’au moins 3 fois le loyer",
            "en-GB": "Income of at least 3 times the rent"
          },
          "label": {
            "fr-FR": "Revenus ≥ 3 fois le loyer",
            "en-GB": "Income ≥ 3 times the rent"
          },
          "status": "practice",
          "note": "Not a legal rule. The CNCDH opinion of 16 June 2016 (§ 36), published in the Journal officiel, describes the private rent-default insurance (GLI) as requiring, as a rule, a permanent contract and « des revenus nets environ trois fois supérieurs au montant du loyer ». The calculator compares the rent including charges, the prudent reading.",
          "valid_from": null,
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000032788842",
          "source_date": "2016-06-28",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11"
        },
        {
          "id": "fr-visale",
          "basis": "share",
          "percent": 50,
          "name": {
            "fr-FR": "Visale : loyer jusqu’à 50 % des ressources",
            "en-GB": "Visale: rent up to 50% of resources"
          },
          "label": {
            "fr-FR": "Visale : loyer ≤ 50 % des ressources",
            "en-GB": "Visale: rent ≤ 50% of resources"
          },
          "status": "scheme-rule",
          "note": "Action Logement's free Visale guarantee: the rent including charges must not exceed half of the resources taken into account (service-public.gouv.fr F33453, tables « ne doit pas dépasser la moitié du total des ressources prises en compte »).",
          "valid_from": null,
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33453",
          "source_date": "2026-01-23",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11"
        }
      ],
      "visale": {
        "rule": "fr-visale",
        "ceilings": {
          "low": 1365,
          "mid": 1575,
          "high": 1940
        },
        "zones": {
          "low": {
            "fr-FR": "Autres communes",
            "en-GB": "Other areas"
          },
          "mid": {
            "fr-FR": "Communes de plus de 100 000 habitants, Corse, DROM et Saint-Martin",
            "en-GB": "Towns of over 100,000 people, Corsica, overseas departments and Saint-Martin"
          },
          "high": {
            "fr-FR": "Île-de-France",
            "en-GB": "Île-de-France region"
          }
        },
        "students": {
          "low": 680,
          "mid": 840,
          "high": 1000
        },
        "note": "Monthly rent including charges that Visale can guarantee in the general case (tenants under 30 who are not students, and private-sector employees over 30), where the rent must also be at most half of the resources taken into account. Revalued on 6 January 2026 (previously 1 500 € in Île-de-France and 1 300 € elsewhere). Students and apprentices have their own rules: the \"students\" figures are the ceilings A17759 quotes for them; F33453 shows that in Île-de-France a student or apprentice under 30 meets no resource condition up to 1 000 € and needs resources above 2 000 € from 1 000,01 € to 1 940 €. The calculator does not model the student rules.",
        "valid_from": "2026-01-06",
        "valid_until": null,
        "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/actualites/A17759",
        "source_date": "2026-01-21",
        "retrieved": "2026-11-11",
        "see_also": [
          "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33453"
        ]
      },
      "deposit": {
        "base": "rent-excluding-charges",
        "vide": {
          "months": 1,
          "legal_basis": "Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 22",
          "valid_from": null,
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F31269",
          "source_date": "2026-06-09",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11"
        },
        "meuble": {
          "months": 2,
          "legal_basis": "Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 25-6",
          "valid_from": null,
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F31269",
          "source_date": "2026-06-09",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11"
        },
        "mobilite": {
          "months": 0,
          "legal_basis": "Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989 (bail mobilité : dépôt de garantie interdit)",
          "valid_from": null,
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F31269",
          "source_date": "2026-06-09",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11"
        }
      }
    },
    "GB": {
      "name": {
        "fr-FR": "Royaume-Uni",
        "en-GB": "United Kingdom"
      },
      "currency": "GBP",
      "scope": {
        "fr-FR": "Location privée d’un logement en Angleterre, au pays de Galles, en Écosse ou en Irlande du Nord.",
        "en-GB": "Private renting in England, Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland."
      },
      "rules": [
        {
          "id": "gb-agent-30x",
          "basis": "multiple",
          "times": 30,
          "per": "year",
          "name": {
            "fr-FR": "Agences : revenus annuels de 30 fois le loyer mensuel",
            "en-GB": "Letting agent check: annual income of 30 times the monthly rent"
          },
          "label": {
            "fr-FR": "Agences : revenus ≥ 30 × loyer mensuel",
            "en-GB": "Letting agents: income ≥ 30 × monthly rent"
          },
          "status": "practice",
          "note": "Not a legal rule. Slough Borough Council: « Lettings agents expect your annual income to be around 30 times the monthly rent. If you're earning £25,000 per year before tax, you can afford a monthly rent of around £830. This makes your rent no more than 40% of your gross monthly income. »",
          "valid_from": null,
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.slough.gov.uk/private-housing/private-tenants",
          "source_date": "2026-11-11",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11"
        },
        {
          "id": "gb-ons-30",
          "basis": "share",
          "percent": 30,
          "name": {
            "fr-FR": "Seuil de l’ONS : loyer jusqu’à 30 % des revenus bruts",
            "en-GB": "ONS benchmark: rent up to 30% of gross income"
          },
          "label": {
            "fr-FR": "ONS : loyer ≤ 30 % des revenus",
            "en-GB": "ONS benchmark: rent ≤ 30% of income"
          },
          "status": "statistical-benchmark",
          "note": "Office for National Statistics, Private rental affordability, England, Wales and Northern Ireland: 2024 (released 18 August 2025, the latest release): an area is \"affordable\" if a private-renting household would spend the equivalent of 30% or less of its gross income on rent. The ONS notes there is no widely accepted standard.",
          "valid_from": null,
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/bulletins/privaterentalaffordabilityengland/2024",
          "source_date": "2025-08-18",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11"
        }
      ],
      "deposit": {
        "base": "rent",
        "england": {
          "kind": "weeks",
          "weeks_below": 5,
          "weeks_at_or_above": 6,
          "threshold_annual_rent": 50000,
          "week": "annual rent ÷ 52",
          "holding_deposit_weeks": 1,
          "not_covered_above": 100000,
          "legal_basis": "Tenant Fees Act 2019, Schedule 1, paragraphs 2 and 3",
          "valid_from": "2019-06-01",
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2019/4/schedule/1",
          "source_date": "2019-06-01",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11",
          "see_also": [
            "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tenant-fees-act-amended-by-the-renters-rights-act-2025/tenant-fees-act-2019-statutory-guidance-for-enforcement-authorities",
            "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/asking-for-rent-in-advance-guidance-for-local-authorities/asking-for-rent-in-advance-guidance-for-local-authorities"
          ]
        },
        "wales": {
          "kind": "none",
          "holding_deposit": {
            "method": "monthly-divisor",
            "divisor": 4.35,
            "source_url": "https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-10/letting-fees-guidance-for-landlords-and-letting-agents_1.pdf",
            "source_date": "2019-10-11",
            "example": "monthly rent £650 ÷ 4.35 = £149.43"
          },
          "legal_basis": "Renting Homes (Fees, Discrimination etc.) (Wales) Act 2019, Schedule 1, paragraphs 2 (a security deposit limit only if prescribed by regulations; none has been) and 4 (holding deposit at most one week's rent)",
          "valid_from": "2019-09-01",
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.gov.wales/renting-homes-fees-discrimination-etc-wales-act-2019",
          "source_date": "2026-06-15",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11",
          "see_also": [
            "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/anaw/2019/2/schedule/1"
          ]
        },
        "scotland": {
          "kind": "months",
          "months": 2,
          "legal_basis": "Rent (Scotland) Act 1984, section 90(3)",
          "valid_from": null,
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.mygov.scot/tenancy-deposits-tenants",
          "source_date": "2025-04-01",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11",
          "see_also": [
            "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/58/section/90"
          ]
        },
        "northern-ireland": {
          "kind": "months",
          "months": 1,
          "legal_basis": "Private Tenancies (Northern Ireland) Order 2006, article 5ZC, inserted by the Private Tenancies Act (Northern Ireland) 2022, section 4",
          "valid_from": "2023-04-01",
          "valid_until": null,
          "source_url": "https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/articles/section-4-6-private-tenancies-act-northern-ireland-2022",
          "source_date": "2025-02-12",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-11",
          "see_also": [
            "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2022/20/section/4"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "Légifrance: CNCDH, avis « Logement : un droit pour tous ? » du 16 juin 2016, § 36 (JORF n° 0149 du 28 juin 2016)",
      "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000032788842",
      "date": "2016-06-28"
    },
    {
      "label": "service-public.gouv.fr F33453: Garantie Visale",
      "url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33453",
      "date": "2026-01-23"
    },
    {
      "label": "service-public.gouv.fr A17759: Garantie Visale, nouveaux plafonds au 6 janvier 2026",
      "url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/actualites/A17759",
      "date": "2026-01-21"
    },
    {
      "label": "service-public.gouv.fr F31269: Dépôt de garantie",
      "url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F31269",
      "date": "2026-06-09"
    },
    {
      "label": "Slough Borough Council: Renting in the private sector (working out what you can afford)",
      "url": "https://www.slough.gov.uk/private-housing/private-tenants",
      "date": "2026-11-11"
    },
    {
      "label": "ONS: Private rental affordability, England, Wales and Northern Ireland: 2024",
      "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/bulletins/privaterentalaffordabilityengland/2024",
      "date": "2025-08-18"
    },
    {
      "label": "ONS: Private rental affordability QMI (\"While the ONS use 30%, there is no widely accepted standard on this\")",
      "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/methodologies/privaterentalaffordabilityenglandwalesandnorthernirelandqmi",
      "date": "2025-08-18"
    },
    {
      "label": "legislation.gov.uk: Tenant Fees Act 2019, Schedule 1",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2019/4/schedule/1",
      "date": "2019-06-01"
    },
    {
      "label": "GOV.UK: Tenant Fees Act 2019, statutory guidance for enforcement authorities, amended by the Renters' Rights Act 2025 (deposit example: £240 a week, at most £1,200)",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tenant-fees-act-amended-by-the-renters-rights-act-2025/tenant-fees-act-2019-statutory-guidance-for-enforcement-authorities",
      "date": "2026-05-01"
    },
    {
      "label": "gov.wales: Renting Homes (Fees, Discrimination etc.) (Wales) Act 2019",
      "url": "https://www.gov.wales/renting-homes-fees-discrimination-etc-wales-act-2019",
      "date": "2026-06-15"
    },
    {
      "label": "gov.wales: Renting Homes (Fees etc.) (Wales) Act 2019, guidance for landlords and agents (week's rent = monthly rent ÷ 4.35)",
      "url": "https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-10/letting-fees-guidance-for-landlords-and-letting-agents_1.pdf",
      "date": "2019-10-11"
    },
    {
      "label": "mygov.scot: Paying a tenancy deposit to a private landlord",
      "url": "https://www.mygov.scot/tenancy-deposits-tenants",
      "date": "2025-04-01"
    },
    {
      "label": "Department for Communities (NI): Sections 4 to 6 of the Private Tenancies Act (Northern Ireland) 2022",
      "url": "https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/articles/section-4-6-private-tenancies-act-northern-ireland-2022",
      "date": "2025-02-12"
    }
  ]
}